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Though medical science began with the ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates, dissection, and the study of the human body
was prohibited for religious reasons until the Renaissance.
In 1623, William Harvey theorized that blood circulates
in the body. Germs were discovered in the 19th century. Genetic
research and biotechnology hold the promise of even
greater advances in the 21st century. Among the medical pioneers
discussed are:
- Hippocrates
(460-368 BC)
- Galen
(129-199 AD)
- Paracelsus
(1493-1541)
- Vesalius
(1514-1564)
- Fallopius
(1523-1562)
- Fabricius
(1533-1619)
- William
Harvey (1578-1657)
- Sanctorius
(1561-1636)
- Borelli
(1608-1679)
- van
Helmont (1579-1644)
- Sylvius
(1614-1672)
- Kircher
(1601-1680)
- Robert
Hooke (1635-1703)
- Marcello
Malpighi (1628-1694)
- Anton
van Leewenhoek (1632-1723)
- Ambroise
Pare' (1510-1590)
- Thomas
Sydenham (1624-1689)
- Giovanni
Battista Morgagni (1682-1771)
- Antoine
Lavoisier (1743-1794)
- Joseph
Priestly (1733-1804)
- William
Withering (1741-1799)
- John
Hunter (1728-1793)
- Edward
Jenner (1749-1823)
- James
Lind (1716-1794)
- John
Warren (1778-1856)
- Rene'
Laennec (1781-1826)
- Hermann
von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
- Rudolf
Virchow (1821-1902)
- Schleiden
& Swann (ca. 1838)
- Louis
Pasteur (1822-1895)
- Robert
Koch (1843-1910)
- Joseph
Lister (1827-1912)
- Ignaz
Semmelweis (1818-1865)
- Florence
Nightingale (1820-1910)
- Clara
Barton (1821-1912)
- Gregor
Mendel (1822-1884)
- Wilhelm
Rontgen (1845-1923)
- Marie
Curie (1867-1934)
- Paul
Ehrlich (1854-1915)
- Alexander
Fleming (1881-1955)
- James
Watson (1928- )
- Francis
Crick (1916- )
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