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A family is a social institution, a network of intimate relationships,
a psychological shelter from a chaotic world-and much more.
Family relationships invoke special expectations and commitments,
often involving loyalty in a way that conflicts with
the impartial and universal nature of most ethical
obligations. The family also is a focal point for broader ethical
problems, such as obligations related to healthcare, raising
children, caring for the elderly, corporal punishment, interpersonal
justice, and other issues.
The
word "family" originally meant "household," thereby including
unrelated people (e.g.servants). However, over time "family"
came to refer to relationships established either by blood,
marriage, or adoption. In more recent times, the
word family has been more broadly used to describe people who
voluntarily associated in ways that resemble (but do not necessarily
match) traditional family relationships. The word family has
also taken on an ideological character, becoming a focal point
for ethical and political controversy.
There
are three main ethical theories of family:
- Natural
Law says that our human nature is to united in
marriage, with a person of the opposite sex, for
the purpose of having and rearing children.
- Rights-based
theories say that individuals may form any association
they wish as long as it is based on consent.
- Utilitarian
theories allow expanded definitions of the family as long
as this will produce the greatest good for the greatest
number.
This
cassette presentation considers critiques of the family from
Plato,
Mo Tzu, Marx
and Engels, and feminists. Also discussed are
trends and changes in the divorce law, along with the social,
personal, and moral issues related to broken families. Three
models of parenting are discussed, describing parents as either
child producers, guardians, or providers of
life prospects. Also discussed are issues related to childbirth
and care for the elderly.
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